The effect of acid rain on building materials Essay Example for Free

The effect of acid rain on building materials Essay Due to dissolved carbon dioxide rainwater is naturally acidic in the form of the weak carbonic acid. However gases such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides cause acid rain, which is responsible for the corrosion of buildings and damage to the wildlife. The burning of fossil fuels releases these gases into the atmosphere when the small quantities of sulphur react with the oxygen in the air, forming sulphur dioxide. The aim of this investigation is to investigate the way in which one factor alters the rate of erosion of building materials such as stonework and metals. To conduct this experiment I can use marble chips (calcium carbonate) or magnesium ribbon and in place of sulphuric acid dilute hydrochloric acid will be used. This is because sulphuric acid produces an insoluble salt which prevents any further reaction with the acid. The two possible equations for the experiment are: 1) Mg + 2HCl MgCl + H 2) CaCO? + 2HCl CaCl + CO + H O I have decided to conduct my experiment using magnesium ribbon and so equation 1 will be used. Here is a list of the factors which I could investigate: Volume of acid Concentration of acid. Temperature of reaction Mass/length of magnesium ribbon Particle size (no. of strips of magnesium) The factor which I have decided to investigate is the volume of hydrochloric acid. The range of volumes I have opted to use are 10cmi , 20cmi , 30cmi , 40cmi and 50cmi. The concentration of acid will remain at 2M throughout the investigation and the investigation will be conducted at room temperature. Also 1 strip of magnesium ribbon of mass 0. 05g will be used throughout the investigation. For each volume of acid used I will time how long it takes for 50cmiof hydrogen gas to be produced and collected in a gas syringe. Apparatus Conical Flask (with bung) 100cmi gas syringe Scales Measuring cylinder Stopwatch Hypothesis I believe that as the volume of acid increases so will the rate of gas produced. This is because there will be more acid molecules and so there will be more chance of collisions between the magnesium and hydrochloric acid, thus a higher rate of reaction. I believe that the volume of acid will be directly proportional to the rate of reaction and so the following will be true: Therefore, if the volume of acid is doubled then the rate of gas produced should double. Diagram Method First of all the gas syringe was connected to the conical flask. 0. 05g of magnesium ribbon was weighed using the scales and placed inside the conical flask. The first volume of 2M hydrochloric acid, 10cmi , was measured out using a measuring cylinder and then added to the flask. Simultaneously the stopwatch was started and the bung was placed on the conical flask. When 50cmi hydrogen had been collected the stopwatch was stopped. This was repeated 3 times with each of the volumes of hydrochloric acid, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50cmi. For each volume an average time was calculated and then using that time the rate of reaction was calculated with the following equation: Rate (cmi /s) = Volume of gas produced (cmi ) Time (s) Results Time Taken (s) Volume of HCl (cmi ) Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Average Reading Rate of Reaction (cmi /s).

Students MUST be Provided with the Skills Necessary for Success Essay

Students MUST be Provided with the Skills Necessary for Success Have you ever seen an eighth grader, who has no mental or physical disabilities, struggle through basic third grade math? Throughout high school I have and it has become a common sight in our schools. Some were placed in remedial classes, while others sat next to me in some of my honor’s course. Students are being passed through school without being taught the basic skills necessary to be successful in today’s society. Measures need to be taken so that these students are not pushed through school and thrown into the real world without the skills necessary to succeed. The solution to this is through standardized classes and periodic evaluations of both teachers and students. In the past standardized classrooms have been looked down upon, because of the concept that all students do not learn at the same rate. This is true; there shouldn’t be a standard that is untouchable for most students. There should be a standard so that when a student graduates he or she is prepared to be a productive part of society. Besides just having a standard there must be some way to check that it is being followed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are standards in place now that try and make sure that a student is learning what he or she needs to graduate. These are in the forms of test. The problem with these tests is that they are taken every few years. By this time a student may be so far behind and lack the skills necessary that it would tak...

Educating Rita-Characters Essay

Main characters Rita and Frank are the only two characters whom we see on stage, though other people are referred to by both of them. We hear about Denny, Rita’s husband, about Julia, Frank’s partner, and about Trish, Rita’s flatmate, who attempts to kill herself. But it is Rita and Frank whom the audience gets to know best. Rita: Rita is a working-class, twenty-six-year-old hairdresser who has taken the decisive step of enrolling on a literature course at the Open University. It has been a difficult decision as it means that she has to break away from the restrictions imposed on her by her husband and by the community in which she lives and works. Indeed, Rita’s choice is a stark one: it is between starting a family, which Denny wants, or studying. In deciding to study and become more educated and culturally aware, Rita changes her life completely. She gradually becomes absorbed by culture and literature. It is only after her flatmate attempts suicide that she begins to realise that art and literature cannot provide all the answers. However, she decides to continue as a student and finally passes her examination. Frank: Frank is a university lecturer in English Literature with a drink problem. He has had one failed marriage and his present relationship wit Julia is not an easy one. However, he does appear to have a comfortable middle-class lifestyle and has achieved some minor success as a poet. His job, nevertheless, bores him and, in fact, by the end of the play, he has been sent away to Australia by the university authorities because of his drunken behaviour. Rita breezes into his life like a breath of fresh air; the story of the play is the story of their developing and changing relationships both as teacher and student and on a more personal level.

Rise of the American Criminal Industry between 1900-1940

1900 A rise in crime levels as gangs grow stronger. Monk Eastmans Gang starts to pose a real threat to Paul Kellys Five Points Gang. 1907 Michael Cassius McDonald dies and leaves a criminal industry in Chicago in the hands of opportunist gangsters coming in from all over the country. 1911 Mayer Lansky arrives in the U.S. and immediately starts to analyze conditions in the country with regard to Italian crime families with the purpose of getting involved in their affairs. 1919 Al Capone leaves New York with the purpose of starting illegal businesses in Chicago. Lucianos influence also solidified at this time, as the Volstead Act provided him with the perfect opportunity to start an illegal business. 1920 Prohibition started in the U.S. and provided crime families with the opportunity to get involved in particularly profitable affairs. John Colosimo, one of the most important gangsters in the U.S. is killed the same year, most probably because of his reluctance to get involved in alcohol trafficking. His death makes it possible for people to understand the full complexity of illegal affairs in the country as numerous other gangsters and even politicians attend his funeral. 1921 Johnny Torrio, Chicagos crime boss, brings in Capone as his bodyguard. 1924 Torrio manages to set the foundation of one of the most successful bootlegging businesses in the country. The Italian-American gangster also manages to invest large amounts of money into gambling and experiencesShow MoreRelatedThe Oil Major Of Mexico3323 Words   |  14 Pagesenergy trade with the hopes that it will help bolster its position in North American markets. The opening of Mexico’s oil industry is expected to increase energy trade and open new opportunities for U.S. companies and those who are already invested in the upstream infrastructure and oil field services. If this legislation reform influences growth and investment in Mexico, it will help Mexico compete in the North American energy market, and ultimately affect the Houston economy. Read MoreHonorable Style in Dishonorable Times: American Gangsters of the 1920s and 1930s6221 Words   |  25 PagesBeshears, Laura: Honorable Style in Dishonorable Times: American Gangsters of the 1920s and 1930s Journal of American Culture (33:3) [Sep 2010] , p.197-206. Honorable Style in Dishonorable Times: American Gangsters of the 1920s and 1930s Laura Beshears. The Journal of American Culture. Malden: Sep 2010. Vol. 33, Iss. 3; pg. 197, 10 pgs Abstract (Summary) Prohibition, which came into effect in July of 1920 with the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment, also illustrated the progressives idealismRead MoreAntitrust Laws Limit Corporate Aqusition4748 Words   |  19 Pagesenterprises compete fairly. It has had a serious effect on business practices and the organization of U.S. industry. Premised on the belief that free trade benefits the economy, businesses, and consumers alike, the law forbids several types of restraint of trade and monopolization. These restraints can be classified into four main areas: agreements between or among competitors, contractual arrangements between sellers and buyers, the pursuit or maintenance of monopoly power, and mergers. Enforcement of antitrustRead MorePre-Columbian Period9302 Words   |  38 Pagesare thought to have arrived in Alaska by crossing the Bering land bridge, at least 14,000 30,000 years ago.[10] Some of these groups migrated south and east, and over time spread throughout the Americas. These were the ancestors to modern Native Americans in the United States and Alaskan Native peoples, as well as all indigenous peoples of the Americas. Many indigenous peoples were semi-nomadic tribes of hunter-gatherers; others were sedentary and agricultural civilizations. Many formed new tribesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Read MoreAre Cities Dying? Essay10831 Words   |  44 Pagescentury see a decline in urbanization as rapid as the rise in urbanization over the 19th and 20th centuries? Or will breakthroughs in information technology and law enforcement transform the blighted inner city of today into the gentrified polis of tomorrow? Recent trends are not nearly as pessimistic as the prognosticators. Over the past century the rise in U.S. urbanization has been dramatic, from 39 percent in 1890 to 53 percent in 1940 to 73 percent in 1970 to 75 percent in 1990. The share Read MoreEffects of Reading Comic Books5082 Words   |  21 PagesEffects of Reading Comic Books on the Young Reader OUTLINE TITLE: EFFECTS OF READING COMIC BOOKS ON YOUNG READERS INTRODUCTION I. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW A. Rise of the Comic Strip B. The Comic Book Superheroes C. The Philippine Comic Book Industry II. COMIC BOOK CHARACTERISTICS A. Unique Characteristics B. Parts of the Comic Book C. Comic Book Genres III. EFFECTS OF COMIC BOOKS A. Negative Effects of Reading Comic Books B. Positive Effects of Reading Comic Books CONCLUSIONRead More Discontent Expressed through Blues, Jazz, Reggae, and Hip-hop5489 Words   |  22 Pagesconditions of the times and often speaks directly to the listeners experience (King 20). In the following pages, a general comparison will be made between the evolution and effects of the blues, jazz, reggae music, and hip-hop, with a focus on reggae and hip-hop. According to musicologist Rod Gruver, life for the lower-class Negro in America in the early 1900s was completely characterized by a sense of alienation: He had no place to go, no one to turn to. He had no country, no home, no ideology, noRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 Pagesthe United States world war 1 Non-Intervention - The United States originally pursued a policy of non-intervention, avoiding conflict while trying to broker a peace. - When a German U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania in 1915, with 128 Americans aboard, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson vowed, America is too proud to fight and demanded an end to attacks on passenger ships. Germany complied. - Wilson unsuccessfully tried to mediate a settlement. He repeatedly warned the U.S. would not tolerateRead MoreBroken Promises of the French Revolution and Why French Women Did Not Get the Vote Until 19442987 Words   |  12 PagesRousseau exerted profound influence on political thought during the Revolution. Though his philosophy proposed freedom guaranteed by the state, he was a misogynist who felt that a womans natural state was in the family and the family alone (Academic American Encyclopedia 144). Louis de Bonald, a member of the Royalist Right echoed the importance of the subjugated woman as a vital factor of the health of the State: The strength of the aristocratic state is dependent on the authority of the husband, the